Gram's stain

r-grams: Relational Grams

We introduce relational grams (r-grams). They upgrade n-grams for modeling relational sequences of atoms. As n-grams, r-grams are based on smoothed n-th order Markov chains. Smoothed distributions can be obtained by decreasing the order of the Markov chain as well as by relational generalization of the r-gram. To avoid sampling object identifiers in sequences, r-grams are generative models at t...

Protein classification using modified n-grams and skip-grams.

Motivation Classification by supervised machine learning greatly facilitates the annotation of protein characteristics from their primary sequence. However, the feature generation step in this process requires detailed knowledge of attributes used to classify the proteins. Lack of this knowledge risks the selection of irrelevant features, resulting in a faulty model. In this study, we introduce...

s-grams: Defining generalized n-grams for information retrieval

n-grams have been used widely and successfully for approximate string matching in many areas. s-grams have been introduced recently as an n-gram based matching technique, where di-grams are formed of both adjacent and non-adjacent characters. s-grams have proved successful in approximate string matching across language boundaries in Information Retrieval (IR). s-grams however lack precise defin...

J.S.B. Stain

Silicone Softeners for Stain Repellent and Stain Release Fabric Finishing

During the last few years the use of fluorochemicals to provide stain repellency and/or stain release properties to apparel goods has rapidly grown. The use of fluorochemicals as well as durable press resins, however, has a detrimental effect on the fabric softness. Providing premium softness is key to satisfy the highly demanding aesthetic requirements of many of today’s apparel products. Alth...